You’ve probably heard the term “dehydration”, but have you heard about “anhydremia”? We obtain water through food and drinks as well as metabolism. In fact, metabolic processes account for about 5-10% of water input (Lorenzo et al., 2019). We lose water daily through evaporation, breathing, urine, and feces. If an organism loses more water than they ingest, or can produce through metabolic processes, the water volume in their blood declines […]
As we talked about previously, bats are amazing mammals. Like Batman, they fly and fight off many potential enemies. – albeit their enemies are typically microscopic as opposed to cartoon-like super-villains. Their remarkable resilience to cancers and various pathogens has attracted the attention of scientists and even resulted in the formation of the Bat1K Consortium aimed at sequencing the genome of various species of bats to search for clues that […]
Programmed cell death, otherwise known as apoptosis, is an important physiological process that allows the body to get rid of cells that are no longer needed or are damaged. These functions help foster normal growth and development as well as prevent cancer. Apoptosis is a highly regulated process that involves various caspase enzymes, with caspase-3 being among the “executioner” enzymes responsible for the final stages of apoptosis and ultimate cellular […]
Antibiotic-resistant infections are a global concern for both humans and animals. A recent study published in Veterinary Quarterly tested a new way to treat an antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infection in a Siamese cat, known as “Squeaks”. Squeaks had acquired the infection following multiple surgeries that aimed to treat the cat for injuries after a severe fall from a high-rise. In this study, the veterinary team created a viral phage […]
Like humans, dogs are at risk of spontaneously developing cancer as they age. In fact, cancer is the leading cause of death for dogs (Gardner et al., 2016). Research suggests that dogs may better model cancer than rodents because the disease progression is similar to humans including involvement of the immune system, molecular pathways, variations between animals, tumor resistance to chemotherapy, and metastasis (Gardner et al., 2016). Thus, understanding and […]
Lung flukes, Hematoloechus sp., are pesky little parasites. Up to 89 species of lung flukes have been identified to date. Their life cycle includes two intermediate hosts, the first of which are freshwater snails that swallow fluke eggs. After ingestion, the eggs hatch and produce a larval form of the parasite called cercaria, which are shed from the snails and taken up by damselflies or dragonflies. These are quite the […]
Freezing temperatures are no match for alligators. Recent images emerging from Texas and North Carolina show frozen ponds and swamps dotted with alligators. Similar to animals that experience torpor, alligators are able to reduce their metabolism and heart rate to as little as three beats per minute to survive freezing temperatures. This torpor-like state is called brumation. Poking their snouts above the ice before it freezes, allows them to continue […]
If you asked a starfish (aka: sea star) to pick “heads or tails”, and they could understand what you were talking about, they would pick heads every time. In fact, researchers recently discovered that starfish are simply heads without a body: It gets better…starfish do not even have a brain or blood, and they eject their stomach out of their mouth to eat. Terrible table manners. Aside from these extreme […]
The kidneys are remarkable organs responsible for filtering blood and creating urine. To learn more about how they do this, check out this YouTube video: The evolution of glomerular filtration is what allows animals to regulate the disposal of ions such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and sulfate. Some solutes are reabsorbed from the urine and returned to the body with the help of sodium ions, whereas other solutes are […]
The Arizona Physiological Society held their 16th annual meeting this past weekend at Midwestern University in Glendale, Arizona. The Arizona Established Scientist Keynote Speaker was Dr. Christopher Glembotski, Professor of Internal Medicine and Director of the Translational Cardiovascular Research Center at the University of Arizona, Phoenix campus. Ischemic diseases, such as strokes and heart attacks, disrupt the normal functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum, which alters protein production and folding. His […]
Life Lines by Dr. Dolittle 